Hao-Jui Kuan

Hao-Jui Kuan 官顥叡

Postdoctoral Researcher — University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

Gravitational waves  ·  Neutron star mergers  ·  Modified gravity

I am a Postdoctoral Researcher in gravitational physics at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, working with Prof. Nicolas Yunes. Before coming to UIUC, I held a postdoctoral position at the Albert Einstein Institute in Golm with Prof. Masaru Shibata. I received my joint Ph.D. in 2023 from National Tsing Hua University and the University of Tübingen, where I was advised by Prof. Chao-Qiang Geng and Prof. Kostas Kokkotas, following a B.S. in Physics and Mathematics.

Recent Paper on quark stars vs. neutron stars published in Phys. Rev. D 114, 043058 (Aug 2026)
Upcoming Gravity seminar at the Perimeter Institute, Nov 5, 2026

Research

I study what neutron stars are made of, and whether gravity behaves as general relativity predicts, through the signals these stars emit before, during, and after coalescence. The work spans relativistic stellar oscillations, quasiequilibrium initial data, fully relativistic merger simulations, waveform construction, and the interpretation of high-energy transients. In each case the aim is the same: identify a physical effect, predict its observable signature, quantify the modelling uncertainty that would obscure it, and establish what a detection — or a principled nondetection — would teach us.

Tidal resonances and premerger transients

During inspiral the orbital frequency sweeps through a neutron star's oscillation spectrum, and resonant excitation of g-, f-, and shear modes can stress the crust to failure, redistribute angular momentum, and amplify the magnetic field. I developed the general-relativistic framework for these resonances and use precursor flare timings — including quasi-periodic features observed in short gamma-ray burst precursors — to perform asteroseismology on the flaring star, constraining its spin and the nuclear equation of state.

Recent nonlinear simulations further reveal mode-driven differential rotation, parametric instability, and spin-up, strengthening the case for premerger magnetic amplification.

Precision waveforms in numerical relativity

Numerical accuracy is part of the physics: a waveform cannot reveal a subtle tide or a modification of gravity unless its error budget is smaller than the effect. I quantify uncertainties from grid resolution, wave extraction, initial-data solver, and evolution code in binary neutron star simulations, and use fully relativistic evolutions of tidal resonance to test where linear-response descriptions of the dynamical tide cease to hold. Residuals against analytic approximants then become diagnostics of missing physics rather than of numerical noise.

Strong-field gravity and scalarization

Dynamical compact stars probe gravity in regimes inaccessible to weak-field experiments. I study scalarization and descalarization in massive scalar-tensor and scalar-Gauss-Bonnet theories: their formation through core collapse and accretion, their nonlinear stability and nonuniqueness, and their imprint on quasiequilibrium binaries, merger waveforms, and postmerger remnants. Because a scalar field and an uncertain equation of state can shift the same observables, I emphasize combining inspiral, collapse threshold, and postmerger spectrum over any single anomalous frequency.

Dense matter, structure, and stability

The equation of state enters as a set of measurable consequences rather than a label: composition gradients set buoyancy and the g-mode spectrum, elasticity determines whether motion penetrates or fractures the crust, tidal deformability shapes the inspiral, and thermal pressure and differential rotation govern whether a massive remnant survives. I follow these observables through a common stellar model so that degeneracies with spin, temperature, magnetic field, and the underlying theory of gravity can be cross-checked rather than assumed away.

Publications

27.
D. Gao, H.-J. Kuan, Y. Zhou, Z. Miao, M.-Z. Han, Y. Gao, C. Zhang, and E. Zhou, Phys. Rev. D 114, 043058 (2026)
Difference between quark stars and neutron stars in universal relations and their effect on gravitational waves (pdf file: pdf)
28.
In preparation
Donutization Inside Neutron Stars: Shell-Localized Scalar Fields (pdf file: pdf)
16.
A. G. Suvorov, H.-J. Kuan, A. Reboul-Salze, and K. D. Kokkotas, Phys. Rev. D 109, 103023 (2024)
Magnetic amplification in premerger neutron stars through resonance-induced magnetorotational instabilities (pdf file: pdf)
17.
V. Brdar, T. Cheng, H.-J. Kuan, and Y.-Y. Li, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 07, 026 (2024)
Magnetar-powered neutrinos and magnetic moment signatures at IceCube (pdf file: pdf)
18.
A. T.-L. Lam, H.-J. Kuan, M. Shibata, K. Van Aelst, and K. Kiuchi, Phys. Rev. D 110, 104018 (2024)
Binary neutron star mergers in massive scalar-tensor theory: Properties of postmerger remnants (pdf file: pdf)
19.
A. G. Suvorov, H.-J. Kuan, and K. D. Kokkotas, Universe 10, 441 (2024)
Premerger Phenomena in Neutron Star Binary Coalescences (pdf file: pdf)
20.
A. T.-L. Lam, Y. Gao, H.-J. Kuan, M. Shibata, K. Van Aelst, and K. Kiuchi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 151402 (2025)
Accessing Universal Relations of Binary Neutron Star Waveforms in Massive Scalar-Tensor Theory (pdf file: pdf)
21.
A. T.-L. Lam, K. V. Staykov, H.-J. Kuan, D. D. Doneva, and S. S. Yazadjiev, Phys. Rev. D 111, 104030 (2025)
Axisymmetric stability of neutron stars as extreme rotators in massive scalar-tensor theory (pdf file: pdf)
22.
H.-J. Kuan, K. Kiuchi, and M. Shibata, Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 141403 (2025)
Tidal Resonance in Binary Neutron Star Inspirals: A High-Precision Study in Numerical Relativity (pdf file: pdf)
23.
A. Reboul-Salze, A. Astoul, H.-J. Kuan, and A. G. Suvorov, Astron. Astrophys. 704, A265 (2025)
Non-linear saturation of gravito-inertial modes excited by tidal resonances in binary neutron stars (pdf file: pdf)
24.
Y. Gao, H.-J. Kuan, C.-J. Xia, H. O. Silva, and M. Shibata, Phys. Rev. D 112, 123006 (2025)
Nonradial oscillations of stratified neutron stars with solid crusts: Mode characterization and tidal resonances in coalescing binaries (pdf file: pdf)
25.
Y. Gao, K. Hayashi, K. Kiuchi, A. T.-L. Lam, H.-J. Kuan, and M. Shibata, Phys. Rev. D 113, 023011 (2026)
Convective stability analysis of massive neutron stars formed in binary mergers (pdf file: pdf)
26.
H.-J. Kuan, I. Markin, M. Ujevic, T. Dietrich, K. Kiuchi, M. Shibata, and W. Tichy, arXiv:2506.02115 (2025)
The error budget of binary neutron star merger simulations for configurations with high spin (pdf file: pdf)
8.
H.-J. Kuan, A. G. Suvorov, D. D. Doneva, and S. S. Yazadjiev, Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 121104 (2022)
Gravitational Waves from Accretion-Induced Descalarization in Massive Scalar-Tensor Theory (pdf file: pdf)
9.
H.-J. Kuan, C. J. Krüger, A. G. Suvorov, and K. D. Kokkotas, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 513, 4045 (2022)
Constraining equation-of-state groups from g-mode asteroseismology (pdf file: pdf)
10.
H.-J. Kuan and K. D. Kokkotas, Phys. Rev. D 106, 064052 (2022)
f-mode imprints on gravitational waves from coalescing binaries involving aligned spinning neutron stars (pdf file: pdf)
11.
A. G. Suvorov, H.-J. Kuan, and K. D. Kokkotas, Astron. Astrophys. 664, A177 (2022)
Quasi-periodic oscillations in precursor flares via seismic aftershocks from resonant shattering (pdf file: pdf)
12.
H.-J. Kuan, A. T.-L. Lam, D. D. Doneva, S. S. Yazadjiev, M. Shibata, and K. Kiuchi, Phys. Rev. D 108, 063033 (2023)
Dynamical scalarization during neutron star mergers in scalar-Gauss-Bonnet theory (pdf file: pdf)
13.
H.-J. Kuan, A. G. Suvorov, and K. D. Kokkotas, Astron. Astrophys. 676, A59 (2023)
Measuring spin in coalescing binaries of neutron stars that show double precursors (pdf file: pdf)
14.
H.-J. Kuan, K. V. Van Aelst, A. T.-L. Lam, and M. Shibata, Phys. Rev. D 108, 064057 (2023)
Binary neutron star mergers in massive scalar-tensor theory: Quasiequilibrium states and dynamical enhancement of the scalarization (pdf file: pdf)
15.
H.-J. Kuan and K. D. Kokkotas, Phys. Rev. D 108, 063026 (2023)
Last three seconds: Packed message delivered by tides in binary neutron star mergers (pdf file: pdf)
1.
C. Q. Geng, H.-J. Kuan, and L. W. Luo, Class. Quantum Grav. 37, 115001 (2020)
Viable constraint on scalar field in scalar–tensor theory (pdf file: pdf)
2.
C. Q. Geng, H.-J. Kuan, and L. W. Luo, Eur. Phys. J. C 80, 780 (2020)
Inverse-chirp imprint of gravitational wave signals in scalar tensor theory (pdf file: pdf)
3.
H.-J. Kuan, D. D. Doneva, and S. S. Yazadjiev, Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 161103 (2021)
Dynamical Formation of Scalarized Black Holes and Neutron Stars through Stellar Core Collapse (pdf file: pdf)
4.
H.-J. Kuan, J. Singh, D. D. Doneva, S. S. Yazadjiev, and K. D. Kokkotas, Phys. Rev. D 104, 124013 (2021)
Nonlinear evolution and nonuniqueness of scalarized neutron stars (pdf file: pdf)
5.
D. Huang, C. Q. Geng, and H.-J. Kuan, Class. Quantum Grav. 38, 245006 (2021)
Scalar gravitational wave signals from core collapse in massive scalar–tensor gravity with triple-scalar interactions (pdf file: pdf)
6.
H.-J. Kuan, A. G. Suvorov, and K. D. Kokkotas, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 506, 2985 (2021)
General-relativistic treatment of tidal g-mode resonances in coalescing binaries of neutron stars – I. Theoretical framework and crust breaking (pdf file: pdf)
7.
H.-J. Kuan, A. G. Suvorov, and K. D. Kokkotas, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 508, 1732 (2021)
General-relativistic treatment of tidal g-mode resonances in coalescing binaries of neutron stars – II. As triggers for precursor flares of short gamma-ray bursts (pdf file: pdf)
C1.
A. Abac et al. (Einstein Telescope Collaboration, incl. H.-J. Kuan), arXiv:2503.12263 (2025), ET-0036C-25
The Science of the Einstein Telescope (pdf file: pdf)

Software

CelephaisKadath-based numerical-relativity code

A sibling of FUKA optimized for binary neutron star configurations. Features a 10× speedup, 70% memory reduction via a sparse matrix solver, and a new 2D axisymmetric solver.

GRASSGeneral Relativistic Axisymmetric Spacetime Solver

Computes uniformly and differentially rotating neutron-star equilibria on a compactified meridional grid under General Relativity or scalar-tensor gravity, with tabulated EOS handling and adaptive field relaxation.